What is the ovary and what are ovarian cysts?
The ovary is one of a pair of reproductive glands in women that are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of a walnut. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and female hormones estrogen and progesterone. The ovaries are the main source of female hormones, which control the development of female body characteristics such as the breasts, body shape, and body hair. They also regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Ovarian cysts are closed, sac-like structures within an ovary that contain a liquid, or semisolid substance. "Cyst" is merely a general term for a fluid-filled structure, which may or may not represent a tumor or neoplasm (new growth). If it is a tumor, it may be benign or malignant. The ovary is also referred to as the female gonad.
Ovarian cysts form for numerous reasons.
Pain in the abdomen or pelvis is the most common symptom of an ovarian cyst, but most are asymptomatic.
Most cysts are diagnosed by ultrasound or physical exam.
The treatment of an ovarian cyst depends upon its likely diagnosis and varies from observation and monitoring to surgical treatment.
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